(March 24, 2011)
By: Miguel Aragón
José Carlos Mariategui The Chair has organized for Analysis and Discussion Discussion of the Anti-Imperialist Viewpoint Thesis, to be held on Thursday 24 March.
The investigator Gustavo Pérez Hinojosa to publicize the event has been reported by several mail groups the text of this thesis, and commented on the sidelines. It seems a very positive move that helps the better development of the conversations of analysis, discussion and propaganda of the new ideas.
At the end of the text of the thesis is reproduced Editors Note which is included in the edition of the Complete Works series JCM.
Editors Note the foot of the Anti-Imperialist Viewpoint Thesis
.- (*) Thesis submitted to the First Latin American Communist Conference (Buenos Aires, June 1929). Has been reproduced from the Latin American Revolutionary Movement (Edited by Correspondence Sudamericana). The same version appears in Volume II of the work of Martinez de la Torre (pp. 414 to 418). Was read by Julio Portocarrero in circumstances that are struggling "anti-imperialist struggle and tactical problems of the Communist Parties of Latin America." After his reading, the Peruvian delegate said: "Comrades, he writes comrade José Carlos Mariategui when formulating his thesis on anti-imperialism, by analyzing economic and social status of Peru ...". Editors Note.
In reviewing this letter, we find that the editors make a mistake of omission.
It is true that the thesis was submitted to the Communist Conference held in Buenos Aires, but fails to mention what was the main objective for writing the thesis Mariátegui.
us review briefly the background leading up to the dissertation mentioned.
June 1927: Review of methods and concepts
Mariátegui
stated that "the repression of June (1927) among other effects is to promote a review of methods and concepts" in the ranks of Peruvian socialist movement, movement which at that time was in its definition phase.
After concluding in early June 1927 the publication of articles formed the essay on The Problem of the Earth, in which he analyzes in depth the problem of political power in Peru, Mariátegui days after leaving prison began the preparation of three important political documents in which precisely expresses the above "Review of methods and concepts."
The first document of this rethinking was the prologue to the book Tempest in the Andes by Luis Valcárcel. The preface was written in June 1927 and published in the book possibly in October of that year. The second document I began to write at that time was future program principles, Socialist Party of Peru whose paper was presented at the Meeting of Barranco a year later, on 7 October 1928. Mariátegui not improvise the core text of the program, but that it was reviewing and editing from June 1927 until early October 1928. The third document, also drafted in June 1927, was National Land Policy Principles, published in World Magazine on 1 July. This while the overall program progress is already being developed, he became the Programme Peruvian Agrarian Socialism.
October 1928: Programming Principles
in point 9 of the Programming Principles presented at the meeting on 7 October Barranco 1928, Mariátegui proposed the following: "Attached to the draft program published thesis on indigenous issues, the economic situation, the struggle against imperialism, that after the debate of the sections and amendments in the text enter the Central Committee definitely be made at the first Congress of the Party. "(This paragraph has been inexplicably omitted the Programming Principles published in Complete Works Collection JCM).
May 1929: Four Theses Program Attached
Seven months later, in May 1929, Mariátegui finished writing the above three theses (On the Indian question, the economic situation and the struggle against imperialism), and additionally added a fourth thesis on the class action. The Meeting
Barranco, or possibly at a later date, it appears that he was commissioned to develop the said Ricardo Martinez thesis on "the economic situation." We came to this assumption, because the Peruvian delegation that attended the Latin American Trade Union Congress of Montevideo (May 1929) carried and presented an extensive document on the economic situation in Peru written by Ricardo Martinez, a document that was released years later in the Third Volume of their works. Four Theses
annex to the program developed by Mariátegui were: 1 .-
thesis was the first Economic Situation. Mariátegui seized the opportunity presented with the editors of the magazine La Sierra to do an interview to present their current views on the Economic Situation. The magazine went public a month later, in June 1929.
This first thesis Policy, first developed Mariátegui new aspects of economic development scheme, and on the other side is bound up with who, in those years, denied the possibility of capitalist economic growth in society Peru, and therefore denied the need for growth of the proletariat and the possibility of socialist revolution in Peru. Asked
"Historically, it is not possible to establish a formal capitalism?" Mariátegui responds: "A formal capitalism is already established. Although not yet achieved the liquidation of feudalism and our mediocre incipient bourgeoisie is unable to do it, Peru is in a period of capitalist growth. "
To the question" Does the economy of the shore establishment socialist economic forms? "JCM says:" In the As a capitalist, the economy of the coast creates the conditions for socialist production "
And finally to the question" Accomplished historically liberal economic stage, is not fatally advents socialism? "JCM says:" The coming political socialism does not imply perfect compliance exact liberal economic era, according to a universal journey. I've said elsewhere that it is very possible that the fate of socialism in Peru is in part to perform, according to historical rates accompanying certain tasks capitalist theory "
2 .- The second thesis was Point Vista Anti-Imperialist . In this thesis disclaims Mariátegui policy fields who denied the possibility of socialist revolution in Peru. Starting the thesis
Mariátegui stated as follows "How can assimilate the situation of Latin American republics to the semi-colonial countries? The economic status of these republics is, without doubt, semi, and its capitalism grows and, consequently, the imperialist penetration has to accentuate the character of its economy. "
Pointing policy goals scored" The anti-imperialism for us, does not constitute or may constitute, itself, a political program, a mass movement suitable for the conquest of power. Anti-imperialism, admitted he could mobilize the side of workers and peasants, the bourgeoisie and petty bourgeoisie nationalist (and have flatly refused this possibility), does not negate the antagonism between classes, do not remove their difference of interests. "
concluded with a strong statement "in conclusion, we are anti-imperialists because we are Marxists, because we are revolutionaries, because they are opposed to capitalism to socialism as adversarial system, named to succeed him, because in the struggle against foreign imperialism fulfill our duty of solidarity with the masses revolutionary Europe. "
3 .- The third thesis was Outline Indian Problem. In this thesis Mariátegui disclaims fields who reduced it to an ethnic problem, educational, moral, or administration, and denied the economic, social, and political problem.
Locating the role of the indigenous movement in the socialist revolution said "An Indian revolutionary consciousness may take to form, but once the Indian has endorsed the socialist idea, the will to discipline, tenacity and strength in few proletarians of other means can outdo. "
(Delegates who attended the conference in Buenos Aires communist misrepresented Mariátegui this thesis, first merged with two other texts by Hugo Pesce and Eudocio Ravines, and changed its name by putting The Problem of Race in Latin America, as arbitrarily appears Collection Complete Works of JCM. Mariátegui responded tit for tat to the arbitrariness of the delegates, and published the original version of his thesis in Amauta N º 25 August 1929.)
4 .- The fourth thesis was Background and Development of class action. Mariátegui advocated the role of the nascent proletariat in Peru's history from its beginnings to the completion of its stage of definition. This theory has to be the first history of the Socialist Tradition and necessary starting point for studying the history of the Peruvian proletariat, and participate with determination in the commemoration of the centenary of the socialist movement Peru next year 2018.
* * * Four Theses
attached to the program were four political thesis that supported the program principles. In the Four Theses Mariátegui develops an updated analysis of social classes in the Peruvian reality, while exposing the role played by each of the classes in the socialist revolution in Peru. Reviewing the four theses together will better understand the proposal Mariátegui about the driving force, main force and partners in each stage of socialist revolution in Peru.
Between October 1928 and early April 1930, the Programming Principles and the Four Theses were attached to the program under study and debate among socialists Peruvians who were preparing for the First Congress of the Socialist Party of Peru.
Mariátegui After the death of the task of the First Congress was abandoned because of rising militant Peruvian socialism were not the height of the proposed task. To date, elapsed more than 8 decades, there remains the task of adopting the core documents: Programming Principles and the Four Theses Adjuntas.
welcome the initiative of the Chair Mariátegui to organize and convene this important Discussion. The analysis and discussion of the Anti-Imperialist Viewpoint thesis are more necessary now, to define fields and set resolutely to the new versions of bourgeois nationalism that once again, as in the 1920's, are in full swing to oppose claims to the Peruvian socialism. TacnaComunitaria
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